AIA and CDP Variable Definitions - What does the % sign stand for

AIA and CDP Variable Definitions

Name	Variable	Description
%1	ServerDNSName	The CA computer’s Domain Name System (DNS) name
%2	ServerShortName	The CA computer’s NetBIOS name
%3	CA Name	The CA’s logical name
%4	CertificateName	The name of the CA’s certificate file
%5	Domain DN	Not used in the Windows Server 2003 PKI
%6	ConfigDN	The Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) path of the forest’s configuration naming context for the forest
%7	CATruncatedName	The CA’s “sanitized” name
%8	CRLNameSuffix	The CRL’s renewal extension
%9	DeltaCRLAllowed	Indicates whether delta CRLs are supported by the CA
%10	CDPObjectClass	Indicates that the object is a CDP object in AD DS
%11	CAObjectClass	Indicates that the object is a CA certificate object in AD DS

ADCS Server 2012 R2 Auto Enrollment with hardening - RPC Server Unavailable

On a Windows 2012 R2 server with the ADCS role installed you get an error "RPC server unavailable" after trying to request a certificate from a published template.



The first thing to look for is access rights.

In all the posts on the internet I came across mentioned to check whether the Authenticated users group had acces on several objects. The idea is in the right direction but not quite the solution yet.

In Windows Server 2012 R2 in combination with a hardening policy you need to use the Domain Users group as well.

So check for the Authenticated Users group and add the Domain Users group in the following places:The local server group: Certificate DCOM Access






The properties of the CA server itself, Authenticated Users, Domain Computers, Domain Controllers and Domain Users should be present.

On the CA server itself the Certsrv directory in C;\Windows\System32\ should have Read and Execute rights for Authenticated users and Domain Users.

In Active Directory\Builtin locate the "Users" group and check for Authenticated Users and Domain Users

Check the DCOM Access Limit of “My Computer” of the DC:

1- On the server, run dcomcnfg.exe.

2- On the Component Services console, navigate to Component Services\Computers\My Computer.

3- Right-click My Computer, select Properties, verify that Enable Distributed COM on this computer is selected in the Default Properties tab. 

4- Click the COM Security tab, Click Edit Limits in the Access Permission section and ensure that Everyone and Certificate Service DCOM Access has Local Access and Remote Access permissions.

5- Click Edit Limits in the Launch and Activation Permission section and ensure that Certificate Service DCOM Access group has Local Activation and Remote Activation permissions.

6- Click OK.

This should be enough to get those certificates rolling again.

Configure Auto Enroll for Computer & User certificates

Searching for a good and clear "how to" i came across this blogpost from Adrian Costea that sums it up in a very easy and understandable way.
Auto enrollment it self isn't hard at all, but if you're new to this it's hard to figure out where to start.

Well this is how its done:

Set Up Automatic Certificate Enrollment (Auto enroll)

Managing certificates usually does not need too much intervention. Issuing and enrolling for certificates, again is a piece-of-cake… in a small environment. But if you are running more than let’s say 50 workstations and servers enrolling for certificates is a week job, if not more. To ease the work; actually to automate this you can use Active Directory since you already have the tool in your hands. This is one of the advantages of an Active Directory domain with an Enterprise CA; you can deploy certificates automatically using a process known as auto enrollment. This greatly reduces the amount of administrative overhead required to deploy certificates to your clients; and all you need for this is a GPO linked to your domain or an OU configured with the auto enroll policy.

Before we start I presume you already have your Active Directory Certificate Service installed and at least some clients joined to the domain to be able to test this. If you don’t have enough hardware at your disposal, VMware Workstation is great way to do test labs.

In the first part of the article I’m going to talk about Computer Certificates Auto-Enrollment and in the second part about User Certificates Auto-Enrollment.

Computer Certificates Auto-Enrollment

Now log in to one of your domain controllers and open the Group Policy Management console.

Here you have to decide where the GPO should be linked. If you want only a bunch of clients to be configured for auto enrollment, create and link the GPO to the OU where those clients sit. If however, you want the policy to apply to all clients in your domain, create and link the GPO to the root of the domain. 

To create the GPO, right-click the root of the domain or the OU and choose Create a GPO in this domain, and Link it here…. Give it a name and click OK.

     

On the newly created GPO do a right-click and choose Edit.

Once the Group Policy Management Editor opens, navigate to Computer Configuration > Policies > Windows Settings > Security Settings > Public Key Policies. Here you will see Certificates Services Client – Auto-Enrollment policy.

Open its properties and choose Enabled on the Configuration Model box, then check the boxes Renew expired certificates, update pending certificates, and remove revoked certificates and Update certificates that use certificate templates. Click OK when you are done. As you can see this policy will automatically renew any expired certificates and also cleans up the certificates store of any certificates that expired.

     

Only configuring this will not get the job done. You have to tell the clients what type of certificate they can request and this can be done by creating a Certificate Request Setting. To set it up expand the Public Keys Policies folder, right-click Automatic Certificate Request Settings and choose New > Automatic Certificate Request.

Click Next to skip the Welcome screen of the wizard.

On the Certificates Templates page you can see all the templates that you can use to issue certificates from. The only one we are interested right now is the Computer certificate. Select it and click Next and at the end click Finish to close the wizard.

    

Now you have a Certificate Request Settings created. Let’s tests it and see if it works.

Log in to one of you clients and open the certificate store from Start > Run > mmc. Once the console opens, from the File menu choose Add/Remove Snap-in.

In the Add/Remove Snap-ins window select Certificates and click the Add button.

Choose Computer account > Local computer.

     

If you look in the Personal folder you can see that there is no certificate. Too see the magic happen in real time do a  gpupdate /force then refresh the console. After this a computer certificate “magically” appears.

     

Oh yeah, and the certificate also has a private key, which is what we wanted.

Since this is group policy, you will have to wait between 90 and 120 minutes for the policy to get in effect. Then all clients that are affected by this GPO will auto-enroll for a computer certificate from your internal CA. 

User certificates Auto-Enrollment

Now I know that most of you also need a way to auto-enroll for user certificates, so these users can encrypt their personal data or secure their emails. For this, a few things need to be modified or added to your Enterprise Internal CA and user accounts. First of all the users need to have an email address present in the E-mail field of their AD account.

You don’t need to have an email server present in your environment like Exchange server, just an email address typed in the user’s E-mail account field.

 then, a new certificate template needs to be created. Log in to one of your domain controllers and open the Certification Authority console. Right-click the Certificate Templates folder and choose Manage.

Search for the User template, right-click it and choose duplicate.

On the General tab type a name for the new template then go to the Security tab. Here select Domain Users from the ACL (Access Control List) and in the Permissions section check the Enroll (should be already checked, but just in case) and Auto enroll box. Click     

Back on the Certification Authority console, right-click the Certificate Templates folder one more time and choose New > Certificate Template to Issue. From the list, search for the new template, select it and click OK.

Now that the template is ready we need to set up the GPO that request certificates on behalf of the user. Still on this domain controller, open the Group Policy Management console and create a new GPO. Again this can be created/linked to the root of the domain or an OU. If you link it to an OU make sure is the one where users are present not computers.

     

Once you create the GPO, right-click it and choose Edit. In the Group Policy Management Editor console expand User Configuration > Policies > Windows Settings > Security Settings and click on the Public Key Policies folder. Here we have a view almost exactly we had when we configured the computer certificate auto-enrollment. The policy that we are interested in is Certificate Services Client – Auto-Enrollment, so double click it to open its properties; or right-click > Properties.

From the Configuration Model drop-down box choose Enabled then check the Renew expired certificates, update pending certificates, and remove revoked certificates and Update certificates that use certificate templates boxes. Click OK when you’re done.

All you have to do now is wait for the users to get the new policy, and that can take between 90 and 120 minutes. If you don’t want to wait and force this process to see if it works do a gpupdate /force on the client computer. Then if you open the user certificates store you should see the certificate issued for the user that you are logged in with.

Taking a look at the certificate itself it has a private key, it was issued using the template we created and it has all the key usage necessary for the user to encrypt data and email. 

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